Aetiology
Amoebiasis is an infection caused by a species of protozoan parasite known as Entamoeba histolytica. It is usually transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of amoebiasis is usually made through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests. Stool samples can be used to identify the parasite and a biopsy of the affected area can be used to confirm the diagnosis.
Differential diagnosis
Amoebiasis must be distinguished from other intestinal parasites, such as Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium species. Other infectious and non-infectious causes of diarrhea, such as bacterial infections, food poisoning, and inflammatory bowel disease, must also be considered.
Treatment
The treatment of amoebiasis usually involves a combination of medications and lifestyle changes. Antiparasitic medications, such as metronidazole, are typically prescribed to kill the parasite. Other medications, such as loperamide, can be used to manage symptoms. Adequate hydration and rest are also recommended.
Prognosis
The prognosis of amoebiasis depends on the severity of the infection and the response to treatment. Most cases of amoebiasis are successfully treated when prompt medical care is sought. In severe cases, complications, such as intestinal perforation, may occur.