Aetiology
Primary cutaneous actinomycosis is an infection caused by the anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria Actinomyces. This infection is commonly caused by a break in the skin, allowing the bacteria to enter the body and initiate an infection.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of primary cutaneous actinomycosis is usually made through a combination of physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Physical examination often reveals a red, swollen area of skin, with small, pus-filled bumps. Laboratory tests may include a Gram stain and culture of the pus, as well as blood tests to look for signs of infection. Imaging studies may also be used to confirm the diagnosis.
Differential diagnosis
Primary cutaneous actinomycosis can be difficult to differentiate from other skin infections, such as boils, furuncles, and abscesses. It is important to consider other causes of skin infections, such as fungal infections, bacterial infections, and viral infections.
Treatment
Primary cutaneous actinomycosis is usually treated with antibiotics. The specific antibiotics used depend on the type of bacteria causing the infection. Surgery may also be necessary to remove any abscesses or collections of pus.
Prognosis
With appropriate treatment, primary cutaneous actinomycosis can usually be cured. The prognosis is good if the infection is treated promptly and appropriately. However, if left untreated, the infection can spread to other areas of the body and cause serious complications.