Aetiology
Nasal diphtheria is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which is a bacteria that is spread via respiratory droplets from an infected person.
Diagnosis
Nasal diphtheria is diagnosed by examining the throat and nose for signs of infection, such as a greyish-white membrane. A culture of the throat or nose may also be taken to confirm the diagnosis.
Differential diagnosis
Nasal diphtheria can be mistaken for other conditions such as strep throat or sinusitis. Other conditions which can present with similar symptoms include influenzae, rhinovirus, and adenovirus.
Treatment
The main treatment for nasal diphtheria is antibiotics. In some cases, a topical antiseptic may be used to help reduce the symptoms. It is important to finish the course of antibiotics in order to prevent the bacteria from spreading.
Prognosis
The prognosis for nasal diphtheria is usually good, provided the patient is treated promptly with antibiotics. Most patients make a full recovery with no lasting effects. In some cases, however, complications such as airway obstruction or heart failure can occur.