Aetiology
Listeriosis is a bacterial infection caused by the Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. This bacterium is commonly found in the environment and is often found in contaminated food and water.
Diagnosis
Listeriosis is diagnosed based on a patient’s symptoms, physical examination, and laboratory tests. A patient’s history of exposure to contaminated food or water is important in helping diagnose the infection. Laboratory tests can also be used to detect the presence of the bacteria.
Differential diagnosis
Other bacterial infections such as Salmonellosis and E. coli infection can mimic the symptoms of listeriosis and should be ruled out by laboratory tests.
Treatment
Antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment for listeriosis. The most commonly used antibiotics include ampicillin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin.
Prognosis
The prognosis for listeriosis is generally good, however, some patients may experience long-term complications such as meningitis or sepsis. The mortality rate is around 20%. Pregnant women and newborns can experience more severe complications and even death.