Aetiology
Nocardiosis is an infection caused by the bacteria Nocardia. It is typically found in soil and can enter the body through inhalation or skin wounds. People who are immunocompromised or have a weakened immune system due to conditions such as HIV or cancer are at a higher risk of developing the infection.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of nocardiosis is usually made through a combination of clinical and laboratory testing. This includes chest X-rays, blood tests, and sputum cultures. In some cases, a biopsy of the affected tissue may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.
Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis for nocardiosis includes other infections such as tuberculosis, fungal infections, and other types of bacterial infections.
Treatment
Treatment of nocardiosis is typically with antibiotics. The most common antibiotics used are sulfonamides, like trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amikacin, and imipenem.
Prognosis
The prognosis for nocardiosis is usually good with appropriate treatment. Most people will make a full recovery with no long-term complications. However, there is a risk of recurrence in some cases.