Aetiology
Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a multisystemic infectious disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected ticks belonging to the Ixodes species.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of LB is based on clinical manifestations and epidemiological history. Laboratory tests, such as enzyme immunoassay, Western blot, and polymerase chain reaction, are often used to confirm the diagnosis.
Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis of LB includes other tick-borne diseases, such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and ehrlichiosis, as well as other conditions with similar symptoms, such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and multiple sclerosis.
Treatment
The treatment of LB depends on the stage of the illness. Early localized infection can be treated with antibiotics, such as doxycycline or amoxicillin, for three to four weeks. Disseminated or late-stage infection requires longer courses of antibiotics.
Prognosis
The prognosis for LB is generally good with prompt diagnosis and treatment; however, some patients may experience long-term symptoms, such as fatigue and joint pain.