Aetiology
Typhus fever is caused by infection with the bacterium Rickettsia typhi. It is spread by infected fleas, body lice, and other vectors.
Diagnosis
Clinical diagnosis of typhus fever requires a high index of suspicion. Diagnosis is usually confirmed through a combination of laboratory tests, including serology tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, and cultures of blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of typhus fever includes other causes of fever, such as malaria, dengue, leptospirosis and other rickettsial diseases.
Treatment
Treatment of typhus fever usually involves antibiotics such as doxycycline or chloramphenicol. Supportive care such as hydration, pain relief and oxygen therapy may also be necessary.
Prognosis
The prognosis for typhus fever is generally good with prompt diagnosis and treatment. However, complications such as pneumonia, meningitis, or encephalitis can occur and can lead to long-term disability or death.