Aetiology
Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, which is found on the skin, nose and throat of people. The bacteria produce toxins that cause the body to go into shock, resulting in a rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, fever, confusion, organ failure and, in some cases, death.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Staphylococcal TSS is based on the presence of symptoms such as fever, rash, low blood pressure, confusion, organ failure and shock. The diagnosis is confirmed by a culture of the bacteria from a sample taken from the skin or throat.
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis is necessary to rule out other conditions with similar symptoms, including meningococcal septicemia, septic shock, and other bacterial and viral infections.
Treatment
Treatment of Staphylococcal TSS includes antibiotics to kill the bacteria, as well as intravenous fluids and medications to support the body’s functions.
Prognosis
The prognosis for Staphylococcal TSS is usually good if treatment is started early. However, if treatment is delayed, the prognosis is more guarded, as the infection can be fatal.