Aetiology
The aetiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease associated with tuberculosis (TB) is complex and not fully understood. However, it is believed that HIV weakens the immune system, making it more susceptible to TB infection.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of HIV disease associated with TB is difficult due to the complex nature of the two diseases. Blood tests, chest X-rays and sputum samples are usually taken to confirm the diagnosis.
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of HIV disease associated with TB includes other infections such as pneumonia and other respiratory illnesses, as well as non-infectious diseases such as cancer.
Treatment
Treatment of HIV disease associated with TB usually involves a combination of antiretroviral drugs, as well as antibiotics to treat the TB infection. Other treatments may include nutritional support, counselling and social support.
Prognosis
The prognosis of HIV disease associated with TB is largely dependent on the individual’s response to treatment. With the proper treatment, HIV can be managed and the risk of developing TB can be reduced. However, the disease can still be fatal if left untreated.