Aetiology
HIV disease is caused by infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This virus attacks and destroys certain white blood cells in the body, weakening the immune system and leaving the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections.
Diagnosis
HIV disease is diagnosed through a blood test that measures the level of antibodies against the virus.
Differential diagnosis
HIV disease can be confused with other viral infections, such as cytomegalovirus and hepatitis B and C, as well as other conditions, such as autoimmune disorders.
Treatment
HIV disease is treated with a combination of antiretroviral drugs that block the action of the virus. In clinical stage 2, the goal of treatment is to reduce the amount of HIV in the body, improve immune function, and reduce the risk of opportunistic infections.
Prognosis
With proper treatment, a person with HIV disease in clinical stage 2 can live a long and healthy life. However, if left untreated, the virus can progress to more advanced stages and lead to serious health complications.