Aetiology
Viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) may be caused by a wide variety of viruses, including herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually based on a combination of clinical presentation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and computed tomography (CT) scans may be used to identify areas of inflammation in the CNS. Blood tests may be used to check for the presence of antibodies to specific viruses.
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of a viral CNS infection includes bacterial meningitis, fungal meningitis, and other neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis.
Treatment
Treatment of viral CNS infections depends on the specific virus involved. In general, antiviral medications are used to reduce the severity of the infection. In cases of an HIV infection, antiretroviral medications may be used to control the virus.
Prognosis
The prognosis for viral CNS infections varies depending on the specific virus and the severity of the infection. Most cases of viral CNS infection can be successfully treated with appropriate medications.