Aetiology
Parasitic or protozoal encephalitis is an infection of the brain caused by protozoa, which are microscopic single-celled organisms. The most common protozoal causes of encephalitis include Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium falciparum, and Cryptosporidium parvum.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of parasitic or protozoal encephalitis is based on clinical history and physical examination, as well as laboratory tests such as blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests to detect the presence of the protozoa.
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of parasitic or protozoal encephalitis includes other causes of encephalitis such as bacterial, viral, and fungal infections.
Treatment
Treatment of parasitic or protozoal encephalitis typically involves a combination of medications to kill the protozoa and supportive care for the patient. Medications used to treat the infection may include antiparasitic agents, antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, and corticosteroids.
Prognosis
The prognosis for patients with parasitic or protozoal encephalitis is dependent on the type of protozoa that is causing the infection, as well as the patient’s overall health and the severity of the infection. With prompt and appropriate treatment, most patients can make a full recovery.