Aetiology
Bacterial myelitis is a neurological condition caused by a bacterial infection of the spinal cord. Most commonly, it is caused by a bacterial infection of the meninges, the outer covering of the spinal cord. It can also be caused by infection of the blood vessels in the spinal cord, or by direct infection of the spinal cord itself.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of bacterial myelitis is based on a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. A spinal tap may be used to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to test for bacteria, which may indicate an infection. Imaging studies, such as an MRI or CT scan, can help to locate the area of infection and rule out other causes of the symptoms.
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of bacterial myelitis includes other neurological conditions, such as transverse myelitis, multiple sclerosis, and Guillain-Barre syndrome. It is important to rule out these conditions in order to ensure proper treatment.
Treatment
Treatment for bacterial myelitis includes antibiotics to fight the infection and medications to reduce inflammation and pain. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the infected tissue.
Prognosis
The prognosis for bacterial myelitis is generally good, especially if the infection is caught early and treated promptly. Most patients make a full recovery with no long-term effects. However, some patients may experience complications, such as paralysis or other neurological deficits, depending on the severity of the infection.