Aetiology
Eumycetoma is a chronic fungal infection caused by a variety of fungi, including Aspergillus, Fonsecaea, and Madurella species. It is most common in tropical climates, and is typically characterized by a nodular lesion on the skin.
Diagnosis
Eumycetoma is typically diagnosed based on the presence of a nodule, and by the presence of the characteristic grains in discharges from the lesion. A culture or biopsy may be performed to confirm the presence of the fungus.
Differential diagnosis
Eumycetoma must be differentiated from other skin conditions, such as actinomycosis, mycetomas, and granulomatous infections.
Treatment
Eumycetoma is typically treated with antifungal medications, such as ketoconazole or itraconazole. Surgery may be required to remove the nodule if it is causing pain or discomfort.
Prognosis
Eumycetoma is usually treatable with antifungal medications. If left untreated, the infection can spread and cause serious complications, including amputation of the affected limb.