Aetiology
Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. It is endemic in the US and Central and South America. It is most commonly acquired through inhalation of airborne spores from contaminated soil or bird droppings.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and laboratory testing. Serological tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and complement fixation test (CFT) are used to detect antibodies to the fungus. A chest X-ray may also be performed to identify any pulmonary involvement.
Differential diagnosis
Other fungal infections such as coccidioidomycosis and blastomycosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment typically involves the use of antifungal medications such as itraconazole, posaconazole, and amphotericin B.
Prognosis
Prognosis is generally good with prompt diagnosis and treatment. Most patients will recover with no long-term effects. In severe cases, long-term organ damage and chronic disability can occur.