Aetiology
Plasmodium vivax malaria is a parasitic infection caused by the protozoan Plasmodium vivax, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Symptoms of P. vivax infection can range from mild to severe, and in some cases can lead to rupture of the spleen.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of P. vivax malaria with rupture of spleen is usually made through a combination of physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Blood tests to detect P. vivax antigens and antibodies and PCR testing of blood samples can be used to diagnose the infection, while imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan can help to detect any splenic rupture.
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis for P. vivax malaria with rupture of spleen includes other causes of splenic rupture such as trauma, infections, and other forms of malaria.
Treatment
Treatment for P. vivax malaria with rupture of spleen typically involves a combination of antimalarial medications and supportive care. Antimalarial medications such as chloroquine, quinine, and doxycycline can be used to treat the infection, while supportive care is typically necessary to manage any accompanying symptoms and complications. In cases of severe splenic rupture, surgery may be necessary.
Prognosis
The prognosis for P. vivax malaria with rupture of spleen is generally good with prompt diagnosis and treatment. If left untreated, however, the infection can be fatal.