Aetiology
Malaria due to Plasmodium malariae is an infectious disease caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium malariae. This parasite is transmitted through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of malaria due to Plasmodium malariae is usually based on clinical symptoms such as fever, chills, sweats, headache, muscle aches and nausea. Laboratory testing such as blood smears and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to identify the Plasmodium malariae parasite.
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnoses for malaria due to Plasmodium malariae include other causes of fever (such as viral infections or bacterial infections), other protozoal infections (such as toxoplasmosis or leishmaniasis) and other vector-borne diseases (such as dengue).
Treatment
Treatment of malaria due to Plasmodium malariae includes antimalarial medications such as chloroquine and mefloquine. Other medications such as antihistamines, antipyretics and analgesics can be used to reduce symptoms.
Prognosis
Prognosis of malaria due to Plasmodium malariae is generally good if treated early and appropriately. However, if left untreated, it can be fatal. Treatment with antimalarial medications is essential to reduce the risk of serious complications.