Aetiology
Gambiense trypanosomiasis is an infection caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, which is transmitted through the bite of the tsetse fly.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Gambiense trypanosomiasis is based on clinical presentation, epidemiological factors, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Clinical presentation includes signs and symptoms such as fever, weight loss, muscle pain, lymphadenopathy, and skin lesions. Laboratory tests such as blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures can be used to confirm the presence of the parasite. Imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can also be used to detect the presence of the parasite in the central nervous system.
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of Gambiense trypanosomiasis includes other infections caused by the same organism, such as West African Trypanosomiasis, as well as other diseases such as malaria, typhoid fever, and leishmaniasis.
Treatment
Treatment of Gambiense trypanosomiasis is based on the stage of the disease. In the early stages of the disease, treatment includes the use of antibiotics and antiparasitic drugs. In the later stages, treatment may involve the use of antiretroviral drugs, interferon, and chemotherapy.
Prognosis
The prognosis of Gambiense trypanosomiasis depends on the stage of the infection, the patient’s age and overall health, and the type of treatment used. Early treatment of the infection can lead to a full recovery. However, without treatment, the infection can lead to serious complications, including death.