Aetiology
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) is caused by infection with the protozoan Leishmania species, which is transmitted by the bite of female phlebotomine sand flies.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of MCL is typically done through a combination of physical examination and laboratory tests. These tests include skin biopsy, skin scrapings, slit skin smears, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis includes other skin diseases such as dermatomyositis, lupus, and sarcoidosis.
Treatment
Treatment of MCL typically involves antimonial drugs such as pentavalent antimony, amphotericin B, or miltefosine. Surgery may also be required to remove any ulcers or tissue damage.
Prognosis
The prognosis for MCL is generally good with prompt treatment. However, in some cases, the infection can recur and become chronic if not treated properly.