Aetiology
Gnathostomiasis is a rare parasitic infection caused by the nematode Gnathostoma spinigerum. It is contracted by consuming raw or undercooked freshwater fish, frogs, snakes, reptiles, birds, or domestic animals that have been infected by the worms.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually made by observing the worms in the biopsy of skin or muscle tissue. Blood tests may also be used to determine if antibodies against the worms are present.
Differential diagnosis
Other parasitic infections that have similar symptoms to Gnathostomiasis include filariasis, toxocariasis, and echinococcosis.
Treatment
Treatment for Gnathostomiasis involves the use of antiparasitic medications and antibiotics to reduce inflammation and symptoms. Surgery may also be necessary to remove any worms or eggs from the body.
Prognosis
Prognosis is generally good with appropriate treatment. However, some patients may experience long-term complications, such as skin scarring, chronic pain, and joint problems.