Aetiology
Mastocytosis is a rare disorder caused by an increase in mast cells in the skin or other organs. It can be inherited, acquired, or both. The cause of mastocytosis is not known, but it is thought to have a genetic component, as it is more common in families with a history of the condition.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of mastocytosis is based on a physical examination, skin biopsy, and laboratory testing. Skin biopsy is the most reliable method for diagnosis and is usually performed to look for an increase in mast cells in the skin. Laboratory tests such as complete blood count (CBC) and tryptase levels can also be used to evaluate for mastocytosis.
Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis for mastocytosis includes other skin disorders, such as urticaria, dermatographism, and allergic contact dermatitis. These conditions can cause similar symptoms, such as raised itchy skin lesions, so it is important to rule out these conditions before diagnosing mastocytosis.
Treatment
Treatment of mastocytosis depends on the severity and type of the disorder. Mild cases are often managed with topical corticosteroids to reduce symptoms. For more severe cases, systemic corticosteroids, antileukotrienes, and histamine-2 receptor antagonists can be used to reduce symptoms. In some cases, chemotherapy may be used to reduce the number of mast cells.
Prognosis
The prognosis for mastocytosis is generally good, and most people with the condition can expect to have a normal life expectancy. However, the disease can cause complications, such as anaphylaxis, so it is important to be monitored by a doctor and to follow treatment plans.