Aetiology
Other specified acute myeloid leukaemias (AML) and related precursor neoplasms are rare, but serious diseases caused by an accumulation of abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow and other tissues. The exact cause of AML is unknown, but certain genetic mutations, exposure to radiation or certain chemicals, and inherited disorders have been linked to the disease.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of AML is typically made by a combination of physical examinations, blood tests, and bone marrow tests. A complete blood count (CBC) will reveal an increased number of immature white blood cells, while a bone marrow examination will reveal leukemia blasts. A cytogenetic analysis may also be done to identify any genetic mutations associated with the disease.
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnoses for AML include other forms of leukaemia, lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndromes, and myeloproliferative neoplasms.
Treatment
Treatment of AML usually involves chemotherapy and/or stem cell transplantation. The goal of treatment is to reduce the number of leukaemia cells in the bone marrow and to prevent relapse. Additional treatments may also include radiation therapy and targeted therapy.
Prognosis
The prognosis for patients with AML depends on the type and stage of the disease, as well as the patient’s age and overall health. In general, the overall five-year survival rate for AML is about 35%.