Aetiology
Malignant neoplasms of the tonsil are usually caused by exposure to carcinogenic agents such as tobacco, alcohol and human papillomavirus (HPV).
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of malignant neoplasms of the tonsils is based on a physical examination and imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and endoscopic biopsy.
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis includes benign neoplasms of the tonsil such as lymphoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and non-cancerous conditions such as infection and inflammation.
Treatment
Treatment of malignant neoplasms of the tonsils depends on the stage and type of the cancer. Surgery is the most common treatment, often combined with radiation therapy, chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy.
Prognosis
The prognosis of malignant neoplasms of the tonsils depends on the stage and type of the cancer. Most patients respond well to treatment and have a good chance of a complete recovery.