Aetiology
Mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) with associated invasive carcinoma of the cystic duct is a rare malignant cystic tumor of the gallbladder. The exact cause of this tumor is unknown, but it is thought to be related to long-term inflammation and/or genetic factors.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of MCN with associated invasive carcinoma of the cystic duct is made through a combination of physical examination, imaging studies, and tissue biopsy. Imaging studies such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help to identify the presence of a cystic mass and its exact location. Biopsy of the mass is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis for MCN with associated invasive carcinoma of the cystic duct includes other cystic tumors of the gallbladder such as cholangiocarcinoma and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms.
Treatment
Treatment for MCN with associated invasive carcinoma of the cystic duct typically consists of surgical resection of the tumor. If the tumor is small, a laparoscopic cholecystectomy may be performed. If the tumor is larger, an open cholecystectomy may be necessary. Post-operative chemotherapy and/or radiation may be recommended in some cases.
Prognosis
The prognosis for MCN with associated invasive carcinoma of the cystic duct is generally good. The 5-year survival rate is approximately 70-80%. The prognosis is better for patients who have had complete surgical resection of the tumor and have not had post-operative chemotherapy or radiation.