Aetiology
Melanoma of skin is a type of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin, the pigment which gives the skin its colour. It is caused by the uncontrolled growth of these cells and can occur anywhere on the body, but is most commonly found on the face, neck, and arms.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of melanoma of skin is usually performed through a biopsy, where a sample of the suspicious area is taken to be examined under a microscope. This can also help to determine the stage and aggressiveness of the cancer. In some cases, further imaging tests or blood tests may be required to rule out other conditions.
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis for melanoma of skin may include other skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, as well as other conditions such as a mole, freckles, or a birthmark.
Treatment
Treatment for melanoma of skin depends on the stage of the cancer and the patient’s overall health. Options may include surgery to remove the cancerous cells, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
Prognosis
The prognosis for melanoma of skin depends on the stage of the cancer and the patient’s overall health. In general, early-stage melanomas have a better prognosis than more advanced stages.