Aetiology
Drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DILE) is an autoimmune disorder that is caused by certain medications. These medications include hydralazine, procainamide, quinidine, isoniazid, and phenytoin.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of DILE is made through a combination of history, physical exam, laboratory testing, and imaging studies. A patient’s history should focus on any medications that are currently being taken and any changes in the patient’s health that may be associated with the medication. A physical exam should look for signs of inflammation, such as skin rashes, joint pain, and swollen glands. Laboratory testing should include a complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and a comprehensive metabolic panel. Imaging studies such as X-rays and MRI scans may also be ordered to look for signs of inflammation.
Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis for DILE includes other autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren’s syndrome. It is important to note that DILE is not the same as systemic lupus erythematosus, and it is important to differentiate between the two.
Treatment
Treatment of DILE usually involves the discontinuation of the offending medication and the use of corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These medications can help reduce inflammation and pain. In some cases, immunosuppressant drugs may be prescribed to help control the autoimmune response.
Prognosis
The prognosis for DILE is generally good. Most patients respond well to treatment and can go into remission with proper management. However, it is important to note that DILE can recur if the patient is exposed to the same medication that caused it in the first place.