Aetiology
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation when the donor cells attack the recipient’s tissue. It occurs when the donor’s immune system becomes activated and begins attacking the recipient’s tissue.
Diagnosis
cGVHD is diagnosed based on the presence of clinical symptoms and signs and laboratory tests. Symptoms and signs include: skin rash, dry eye and mouth, and joint pain. Laboratory tests may include a complete blood count, immunoglobulin levels, skin biopsy, and/or chest X-ray.
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis includes scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, and Sjogren’s syndrome.
Treatment
Treatment of cGVHD is aimed at suppressing the immune system and controlling symptoms. Treatment options include immunosuppressive medications, such as corticosteroids and cyclosporine, as well as supportive therapies, such as medications to treat skin rashes, dry eyes and mouth, and joint pain.
Prognosis
The prognosis for cGVHD varies depending on the severity of the disease. In general, cGVHD is a chronic condition, and patients may require lifelong management. If cGVHD is not treated effectively, it can lead to serious complications, such as organ damage, infection, and decreased quality of life.