Aetiology
Vitamin K deficiency is caused by decreased intake of dietary Vitamin K, malabsorption, or impaired conversion of Vitamin K to its active form. Certain medications, such as antibiotics, can interfere with the absorption of Vitamin K and lead to deficiency.
Diagnosis
Vitamin K deficiency is typically diagnosed by obtaining a detailed history, physical examination, and laboratory testing. The laboratory test typically used is the prothrombin time (PT), which measures the activity of clotting factors that require Vitamin K.
Differential diagnosis
Vitamin K deficiency should be considered in any patient presenting with signs and symptoms of bleeding, especially if the patient is taking medications that interfere with Vitamin K absorption or metabolism. Other causes of bleeding should also be considered, including liver disease, vitamin C deficiency, thrombocytopenia, and anticoagulant use.
Treatment
Treatment of Vitamin K deficiency involves administration of Vitamin K in the form of supplementation or injections. In severe cases, a plasma transfusion may be necessary to replace the clotting factors.
Prognosis
The prognosis of Vitamin K deficiency is generally good with proper treatment. The patient should be monitored closely to ensure that the deficiency has been resolved.