Aetiology
The exact cause of autism spectrum disorder is unknown, but research suggests that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may be involved. It is believed that genetic and environmental factors interact in a complex way to produce the symptoms of autism.
Diagnosis
Autism spectrum disorder is usually diagnosed based on a combination of behavioral, social, and communication symptoms. A diagnosis may also be made based on the patient’s medical history, family history, and psychological tests.
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder may include other developmental disorders, such as childhood disintegrative disorder, Asperger syndrome, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Treatment
Treatment for autism spectrum disorder typically includes behavioral intervention, speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, and medication.
Prognosis
The prognosis for autism spectrum disorder is variable, depending on the individual and the severity of the condition. In general, early diagnosis and intervention can improve the chances of a successful outcome.