Aetiology
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental influences, such as prenatal and postnatal exposures, family dynamics, and learning and life experiences.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of ADHD is made through a comprehensive evaluation that includes a physical and mental health evaluation, review of medical and family history, and assessment of symptoms. A diagnosis of ADHD requires that a person have at least six symptoms of inattention, or six symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity.
Differential diagnosis
To make a diagnosis of ADHD, it is important to rule out other conditions that can produce similar symptoms. These conditions include depression, anxiety, conduct disorder, bipolar disorder, Tourette’s syndrome, and learning disabilities.
Treatment
Treatment for ADHD includes a combination of medications, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes. Medications such as stimulants, nonstimulants, and antidepressants can be helpful in managing symptoms. Psychotherapy can help people with ADHD develop coping skills, improve interpersonal relationships, and increase self-esteem.
Prognosis
The prognosis for people with ADHD is generally good. With proper treatment, symptoms can be managed and individuals can live fulfilling lives. However, it is important to note that ADHD is a lifelong condition and symptoms may change over time.