Aetiology
Body-focused repetitive behaviour disorders, unspecified, are a group of conditions characterized by recurrent, repetitive behaviours involving the body, such as hair pulling, skin picking, and nail biting. The exact cause of these behaviours is unknown, but they can be triggered by stress, anxiety, or boredom.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a thorough evaluation by a mental health professional, including medical history, physical examination, and psychological assessment. The clinician may use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria to diagnose a body-focused repetitive behaviour disorder.
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of body-focused repetitive behaviour disorders includes other conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, trichotillomania, excoriation disorder, and substance use disorder.
Treatment
Treatment for body-focused repetitive behaviour disorders usually involves cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), which can help the individual identify and modify behaviours, as well as address underlying issues such as stress and anxiety. Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may also be prescribed to reduce symptoms.
Prognosis
The prognosis for body-focused repetitive behaviour disorders is typically good, with many individuals finding relief from symptoms with appropriate treatment. However, some individuals may continue to struggle with these behaviours and require long-term management.