Aetiology
Bulimia Nervosa is a psychiatric disorder typically characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging behaviors (self-induced vomiting, laxative/diuretic abuse, fasting, and excessive exercise). Biological, psychological, and social factors are thought to contribute to the development of Bulimia Nervosa, although the exact cause is unknown.
Diagnosis
Bulimia Nervosa is typically diagnosed based on the patient’s reported behavior and symptoms, as well as a physical examination. Diagnosis is made when a patient meets the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Additional tests, such as laboratory tests and imaging studies, may be ordered to exclude other physical illnesses.
Differential diagnosis
Bulimia Nervosa can be difficult to diagnose, as it is often confused with other eating disorders, such as Anorexia Nervosa or Binge Eating Disorder. Other conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders, can also present with similar symptoms and need to be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment for Bulimia Nervosa typically involves a combination of psychological therapies and medications. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most widely used treatment for Bulimia Nervosa, and aims to help the patient identify and change unhealthy behaviors. Medications, such as antidepressants, may be prescribed to help with associated symptoms, such as depression or anxiety.
Prognosis
The prognosis for Bulimia Nervosa is generally good with appropriate treatment. With treatment, most patients are able to achieve remission and maintain it over time. However, relapses are common, and long-term support and follow-up are important for ongoing recovery.