Aetiology
Other specified psychoactive substance withdrawal, uncomplicated is caused by a sudden decrease or complete cessation of the use of psychoactive substances such as alcohol, opioids, benzodiazepines, stimulants, or hallucinogens. Withdrawal symptoms can arise within hours after the last use of the substance and can last for weeks.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on patient history, physical examination and laboratory tests. A patient with suspected other specified psychoactive substance withdrawal should be evaluated for the presence of symptoms such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, tremors, nausea and vomiting, sweating, increased heart rate, and changes in blood pressure.
Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis includes other medical and psychiatric conditions such as anxiety disorders, depression, delirium, delirium tremens, and hypoglycemia.
Treatment
Treatment of other specified psychoactive substance withdrawal, uncomplicated is mainly supportive and focused on reducing the severity of symptoms. This may include the use of medications such as benzodiazepines to reduce anxiety and insomnia, and antidepressants to reduce depression. Other treatments may include lifestyle modifications such as exercising, eating a balanced diet, and getting adequate rest and sleep.
Prognosis
The prognosis for other specified psychoactive substance withdrawal, uncomplicated is generally good with appropriate treatment. However, it is important to remember that relapse is possible and should be monitored closely.