Aetiology
Unknown or unspecified psychoactive substance dependence is caused by an individual’s chronic, compulsive and uncontrolled use of psychoactive substances without any medical or other specific purpose. This type of substance dependence is often seen in individuals with a history of polysubstance abuse, mental health issues and/or a family history of substance use disorder.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of physical, psychological, and laboratory assessments. Physical assessment includes a physical examination and evaluation of vital signs, such as blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate. Psychological assessment includes a clinical interview, mental status examination, and other psychological testing measures. Laboratory testing typically includes urine and/or blood tests to identify the presence of psychoactive substances.
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis for unknown or unspecified psychoactive substance dependence includes other substance use disorders (such as alcohol, opioids, cocaine, or cannabis use disorder), mood disorders, anxiety disorders, other mental health disorders, and medical conditions that may present with similar symptoms.
Treatment
Treatment for unknown or unspecified psychoactive substance dependence typically includes a combination of pharmacological (medications) and psychosocial (counseling, support groups, etc.) interventions. The goal of treatment is to help individuals abstain from psychoactive substances and to develop healthy coping strategies to manage stress and other triggers that may lead to substance use.
Prognosis
Prognosis for unknown or unspecified psychoactive substance dependence is variable and depends on the individual’s commitment to treatment, the length and severity of their substance use disorder, and other mental health factors. With the right treatment, individuals can make significant progress in managing their substance use disorder and improve their overall quality of life.