Aetiology
Motor neuron disease (MND) is a group of neurological conditions that affect the motor neurons, which are the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movement. The exact cause of MND is unknown, however it is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Diagnosis
MND can be difficult to diagnose as the symptoms can vary from person to person and can be similar to other conditions. A diagnosis of MND is usually made after a thorough medical examination and review of the patient’s medical history, as well as a series of diagnostic tests such as an electromyography (EMG) and a nerve conduction velocity (NCV) test.
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of MND is important to ensure that the correct diagnosis is made. Other conditions that need to be considered include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, and spinal muscular atrophy.
Treatment
Treatment for MND is aimed at managing the symptoms and slowing the progression of the disease. Treatment options include physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, breathing exercises, medications, and surgery.
Prognosis
The prognosis for MND is variable and depends on the type and severity of the disease. Generally, the prognosis is poor and most people with MND will eventually become confined to a wheelchair or bed. However, with early diagnosis and treatment, some people with MND can live for many years with a good quality of life.