Aetiology
A fracture of the head of the femur, or femoral head fracture, is a fracture of the ball-shaped end of the thigh bone that connects to the hip joint. This type of fracture is most commonly caused by a fall from a height, a car accident, or a sports-related injury. It can also occur due to severe osteoporosis or a pathological fracture due to cancer.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of a femoral head fracture can be made through a physical examination, X-ray, and/or CT scan. Symptoms of a femoral head fracture include pain in the hip area, swelling, and loss of range of motion.
Differential diagnosis
Other possible diagnoses that need to be ruled out include hip dislocation, sciatica, hip bursitis, and femoral neck fracture.
Treatment
Treatment options for femoral head fracture depend on the severity of the fracture. Non-surgical treatment options may include rest, physical therapy, bracing, and medications to manage pain. Surgery may be required to repair the fracture if it is more severe.
Prognosis
The long-term prognosis of a femoral head fracture depends on the severity of the fracture and the effectiveness of the treatment. Most people are able to make a full recovery, though it may take several months or longer. People with severe fractures may have long-term complications such as arthritis or decreased range of motion.