Aetiology
A fracture, avulsion, or rupture of the lateral malleolus below the syndesmosis, with a fracture, avulsion, or rupture of the medial malleolus, is often caused by a high-energy trauma such as a fall or a direct blow to the ankle.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of a fracture, avulsion, or rupture of the lateral malleolus below the syndesmosis, with a fracture, avulsion, or rupture of the medial malleolus is often made through physical examination and imaging tests, such as X-ray, MRI, or CT scan.
Differential diagnosis
Other causes of pain in the ankle should be ruled out, including ankle sprains, osteoarthritis, peroneal tendonitis, and ankle impingement.
Treatment
Treatment for a fracture, avulsion, or rupture of the lateral malleolus below the syndesmosis, with a fracture, avulsion, or rupture of the medial malleolus, will depend on the severity of the injury and may include rest, immobilization, physical therapy, and, in some cases, surgery.
Prognosis
With appropriate treatment, most patients with a fracture, avulsion, or rupture of the lateral malleolus below the syndesmosis, with a fracture, avulsion, or rupture of the medial malleolus, can expect a full recovery. However, there may be a risk of recurrent ankle instability if the injury is not treated properly.