Aetiology
: Dislocation of the patella, also known as patellar dislocation, occurs when the patella (kneecap) is displaced from its normal position at the front of the knee joint, where it helps to stabilize the knee. It is usually caused by a direct blow to the knee, or by twisting or overextending the knee joint. It can also occur due to underlying medical conditions, such as ligamentous laxity or muscular imbalance.
Diagnosis
: Diagnosis of a patellar dislocation is made based on the patient’s symptoms and physical examination. The doctor will check for pain, swelling and tenderness along the knee joint, and may order an x-ray to confirm the diagnosis.
Differential diagnosis
: Other conditions that can cause similar symptoms to a patellar dislocation include a torn meniscus, a fractured patella, a torn ligament, or a dislocated kneecap.
Treatment
: Treatment for a patellar dislocation includes rest, ice and elevation to reduce swelling and pain, as well as physical therapy and bracing to strengthen the muscles and ligaments around the knee joint. Surgery may be necessary in some cases to realign the kneecap, or to repair any damage to the ligaments or tendons.
Prognosis
: The prognosis for a patellar dislocation depends on the severity of the injury. In most cases, the long-term prognosis is good as long as the patient follows the treatment plan and does not suffer any further injuries to the knee joint. However, recurrent dislocations may occur if the underlying cause is not addressed.