Aetiology
Strains or sprains of the Achilles tendon can occur due to overuse, sudden increases in activity, or direct trauma.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is typically made through physical examination, which may include palpation of the tendon and manipulation of the ankle to assess for tenderness. An X-ray may also be taken to rule out any fractures.
Differential diagnosis
Other causes of pain in the Achilles tendon area include tendonitis, tendinopathy, bursitis, and stress fractures.
Treatment
Treatment typically includes rest, ice, compression, elevation, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications. If the injury is more severe, immobilization and physical therapy may also be recommended.
Prognosis
Most cases of Achilles tendon strain or sprain resolve with conservative treatment. However, severe cases may require surgery. In general, the prognosis is good with proper treatment and rehabilitation.