Aetiology
Injury of multiple nerves at ankle or foot level may be caused by direct trauma, prolonged pressure or compression, entrapment in fractures or dislocations, or entrapment in scarring from previous surgery.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made by clinical examination, electrophysiological testing, and imaging. Clinical examination may include testing for sensory and motor deficits, muscle strength, reflexes, and sensation. Electrophysiological testing may include nerve conduction studies and electromyography. Imaging, such as MRI or CT, may be used to identify structural lesions.
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnoses may include nerve entrapment, nerve compression, nerve tumors, peripheral neuropathy, and sciatica.
Treatment
Treatment may include physical therapy, medications, nerve blocks, or surgery. Physical therapy may include stretching and strengthening exercises to improve range of motion, reduce pain, and improve nerve function. Medications may include anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, and pain relievers. Nerve blocks may be used to reduce pain and improve nerve function. Surgery may be necessary to release entrapped nerves or to repair damaged nerves.
Prognosis
The prognosis depends on the severity of the injury, the amount of nerve damage, and the response to treatment. Most cases of nerve injury at the ankle or foot level can be treated successfully with a combination of physical therapy, medications, and nerve blocks. However, some cases may require surgery to repair or release the entrapped nerves.