Aetiology
Full thickness burns of the face, excluding the eye or ocular adnexa, can be caused by a variety of factors. These include thermal burns from contact with hot substances such as liquids, flames, hot objects, or electrical sources; chemical burns from contact with acids or alkalis; and radiation burns from lasers or ultraviolet radiation.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of full thickness burns of the face, excluding the eye or ocular adnexa, is based on the patient’s history, physical examination, and imaging studies. The physical examination should note the extent of the burn and its location on the face. Imaging studies such as X-ray or CT scan may be used to assess the severity of the burn and the extent of tissue damage.
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of full thickness burns of the face, excluding the eye or ocular adnexa, should include other causes of facial skin injuries such as infection, trauma, or autoimmune skin disorders.
Treatment
Treatment of full thickness burns of the face, excluding the eye or ocular adnexa, may include wound care, skin grafting, and reconstructive surgery. Wound care may include the use of topical antibiotics, synthetic dressings, and topical antiseptics. Skin grafting may be used to replace damaged tissue with healthy skin from another area of the body. Reconstructive surgery may be necessary to improve the appearance of the face following a burn.
Prognosis
The prognosis for full thickness burns of the face, excluding the eye or ocular adnexa, is generally good with proper treatment. The extent of scarring and tissue damage will depend on the severity and extent of the burn. Permanent disfigurement may occur in severe cases.