Aetiology
Frostbite is caused by exposure to cold temperatures, either through direct contact with cold objects or from prolonged exposure to cold air. Frostbite can occur in any part of the body, but is most common in the extremities, such as the hands, feet, nose, and ears. Signs of frostbite include numbness, tingling, burning, and white or grayish-yellow skin.
Diagnosis
Frostbite is diagnosed through physical examination and medical history. The doctor will look for signs of frostbite, such as white or grayish-yellow skin and numbness or tingling.
Differential diagnosis
Frostbite must be distinguished from other conditions that can cause similar signs and symptoms, such as chilblains and Raynaud’s phenomenon.
Treatment
Treatment for frostbite depends on the severity of the injury. Mild frostbite can be treated at home with rewarming techniques, such as taking a warm bath or applying warm, moist towels to the affected area. Severe frostbite may require medical attention and even surgery to remove damaged tissue and prevent infection.
Prognosis
The prognosis for frostbite with tissue necrosis depends on the severity of the injury and the amount of tissue necrosis. Mild frostbite may heal without any complications, while severe cases may require surgery and cause permanent tissue damage.