Aetiology
Superficial incisional site infections are caused by bacteria, usually Staphylococcus aureus, that enter the incision site through the skin. Other bacteria, such as Streptococcus, may also be involved.
Diagnosis
Superficial incisional site infections are diagnosed through physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Physical examination reveals redness, swelling, pain, and warmth at the site of the incision. Laboratory tests such as wound cultures may be used to identify the type of bacteria causing the infection. Imaging studies such as X-rays or CT scans may be used to look for any underlying causes or complications of the infection.
Differential diagnosis
Superficial incisional site infections must be differentiated from other types of infections, such as deep incisional site infections, abscesses, cellulitis, and osteomyelitis.
Treatment
Treatment of superficial incisional site infections usually involves antibiotics to clear the infection. Other treatments may include incision and drainage to remove any pus or fluid, wound care to promote healing, and pain relief medications.
Prognosis
The prognosis of superficial incisional site infections is generally good if they are treated promptly. However, if the infection is not treated or is not treated promptly, it can spread to other parts of the body and cause serious complications.