Aetiology
Pacemaker/implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) dysfunction is a condition that results from a malfunction or failure of the implanted device. It can occur due to a variety of factors, including device malfunctions, infection, scar tissue build-up, battery failure, or an improper device setting.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of pacemaker/ICD dysfunction is made through a variety of tests, such as electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter monitor, and exercise stress test. Additionally, imaging tests such as echocardiogram and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may also be used to determine the cause of the device malfunction.
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of pacemaker/ICD dysfunction includes other cardiac conditions such as arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and heart failure.
Treatment
Treatment of pacemaker/ICD dysfunction depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, the device may need to be replaced or reprogrammed to ensure proper functioning. Additionally, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat an infection and anti-arrhythmic drugs may be used to control any arrhythmia.
Prognosis
The prognosis of pacemaker/ICD dysfunction is generally good if the underlying cause is identified and treated correctly. However, if the device malfunctions and cannot be repaired, the patient may require a new implant.