Aetiology
Pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead fracture is a rare complication of implantable device. It occurs when the leads, which are thin wires connecting the implanted device to the heart, are subjected to excessive force or stress. It can be caused by trauma, such as a fall, or mechanical stress, such as tugging or pulling on the leads.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead fracture is typically made by an echocardiogram or an X-ray. The fracture can also be identified by an electrocardiogram, which shows a change in the electrical signals from the heart.
Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis of pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead fracture includes other conditions that cause changes in the electrical signals from the heart, such as myocardial infarction, an abnormal heart rhythm, or an abnormal heart valve.
Treatment
Treatment of pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead fracture depends on the severity of the fracture. If the fracture is minor, it may be treated with antibiotics or anticoagulants. If the fracture is more severe, surgery may be necessary to replace the fractured lead.
Prognosis
The prognosis of pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead fracture is generally good. With prompt diagnosis and treatment, most patients are able to make a full recovery.