Aetiology
Exercise muscle cramps are involuntary, painful muscular contractions which usually occur during or after exercise. They are often caused by dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, overuse of muscles, or inadequate stretching.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually based on a physical examination, blood tests, and a medical history.
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis includes other causes of painful muscle contractions such as muscle strain, nerve damage, or low blood sugar.
Treatment
Treatment includes rest, hydration, and electrolyte replacement. Stretching, massage, and hot/cold therapy may also be beneficial.
Prognosis
Prognosis is generally good with proper treatment. However, recurrent episodes may indicate an underlying medical condition which should be addressed.